mRNA Lung Cancer Vaccine: A Revolutionary Treatment

Tests are underway for an innovative approach to treating lung cancer that could transform how the disease is managed worldwide.

The first-ever mRNA-based lung cancer vaccine, called BNT116, is currently in phase I clinical trials in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other European countries. Developed by BioNTech, this vaccine is designed to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer. Unlike vaccines that prevent diseases, BNT116 aims to treat patients with early-stage or advanced lung cancer and those with recurring cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with especially low survival rates for individuals with advanced disease stages.

“We are seeing exciting advancements in technologies that enhance the immune system's ability to fight lung cancer,” said Dr. Diane Tseng, a medical oncologist at Fred Hutch Cancer Center in Seattle.

How mRNA Technology Works

The vaccine uses mRNA technology similar to what was used in COVID-19 vaccines, offering a new approach to cancer immunotherapy. According to Dr. Eric Singhi, a thoracic oncologist at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, BNT116 could potentially improve survival rates and reduce cancer recurrence more effectively than traditional treatments like chemotherapy.

BNT116 works by training the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. It sends mRNA strands into the body, prompting cells to produce six proteins associated with NSCLC. These proteins act as markers, signaling the immune system to attack cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.

“This precision is a major advantage over traditional chemotherapy, which often targets both healthy and cancerous cells, leading to significant side effects,” Dr. Singhi said. “mRNA technology allows for a more tailored immune response, with the potential to improve outcomes and reduce side effects.”

A Broad and Accessible Strategy

Unlike vaccines tailored to a person’s unique tumor mutations, BNT116 is an “off-the-shelf” vaccine designed to target six tumor-associated antigens. According to Dr. Adam Schoenfeld, a thoracic oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, this approach could make the vaccine more accessible to patients. However, its effectiveness depends on the presence of these specific antigens in a patient’s tumor.

Challenges and Considerations

BNT116 is still in its early trial phases. More research is needed to determine the appropriate dosage, safety, and effectiveness. Side effects such as fever, chills, vomiting, and fatigue have been reported, with some severe cases including pneumonia and pneumothorax (collapsed lung).

“This vaccine holds promise but must undergo rigorous testing to ensure it is safe and effective,” Dr. Singhi emphasized. Combining BNT116 with other treatments and testing it in more diverse populations will also be crucial, added Dr. Schoenfeld.

A Hopeful Future

Although much remains to be learned about BNT116, the progress so far offers hope for patients with lung cancer. “The mRNA vaccine platform is highly versatile and could be adapted to target various cancers,” said Dr. Tseng.

If you or a loved one is interested in participating in a clinical trial, consult your doctor to understand the potential benefits and risks.

“Clinical trials like this one are essential for advancing medicine, but they are not yet approved for widespread use,” Dr. Singhi noted. “While this vaccine represents a new frontier in cancer treatment, its safety and efficacy must be carefully studied.”

The development of BNT116 highlights the innovative potential of mRNA technology in cancer treatment, offering hope for better outcomes in the future.

References

• Tseng, D., MD, medical oncologist, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle.
• Singhi, E., MD, thoracic medical oncologist, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
• Schoenfeld, A., MD, thoracic oncologist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City.